A novel enhanced connection of AC/AC powertrain for HEV - modelling and simulation results

The paper deals with a novel enhanced connection of AC/AC powertrain for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). The substantial contribution of such a connection is the absence of 4QC auxiliary converter needed for autonomous and hybrid operational modes and its compensation by power-lesser 0x5 matrix converter. The main advantages of a simplified connection are, beside smaller auxiliary converter sizing, also possible better efficiency of the HEV powertrain. So, powertrain operation in autonomous traction accu-battery modes uses direct 0x5 configuration of traction 3x5 MxC matrix converter, and in hybrid modes of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and accu-battery uses besides traction 3x5 MxC matrix converter the auxiliary 0x5 matrix converter. Modeling and simulation using Matlab-Simulink environment of traction powertrain configuration in autonomous modes are presented in the paper as well as all simulation experiment result

Analysis of Four Phase Interleaved Boost Converter

This paper deals with analysis of the four phase interleaved DC-DC converter for higher power application. The interleaved topology is widely used due to  its advantage as lower input current ripple which means volume reduction of the input capacitor. The current ripple equation of an input current for the boost operation mode and the ripple current in the individual phase of the interleaved converter using uncoupled inductor are shown. The theoretical equations are supplemented by the simulation results using the Spice simulator and by measurement on the interleaved converter

Analysis of HF half-bridge matrix converter

The paper deals with DC/HF_AC/2AC converter system which can generate two-phase orthogonal output with both variable voltage and frequency. The proposed system with HF AC interlink in comparison with currently used conventional systems uses two single phase half-bridge matrix converters operated with the bipolar PWM. The advantage of such a system is then less number of semiconductor devices. The Fourier transformation has been considered for both single-and two phase orthogonal systems under substitution of the equivalence scheme of the electric motor by R-L load and back EMF voltage depended on the motor speed. Modelling and simulation experiment results of half-bridge matrix converter for both steady-and transient states are given in the paper. The results confirm a very good time-waveform of the considered two-phase AC motor current.Článok sa zaoberá DC/HF_AC/2AC meničovým systémom s ortogonálnym dvojfázovým výstupom a premenlivým napätim i frekvenciou. Navrhnutý systém s vysokofrekvenčným striedavým medziobvodom v porovnaní s bežne používanými systémami, používa dva jednofázové polomostové maticové meniče, ktoré sú ovládané bipolárnou šírkovo-impulzovou moduláciou PWM. Výhodou takéhoto systému je potom menší počet polovodičových súčiastok. Fourierova transformácia bola vykonaná pre jednofázový a dvojfázový ortogonálny systém. Elektrický motor bol nahradený R-L záťažou a indukované protinapätie záviselo od otáčok motora. Modelovanie a výsledky simulačných experimentov polomostového maticového meniča pre ustálené a prechodné stavy sú v článku uvedené. Výsledky potvrdzujú veľmi dobre časové priebehy prúdu uvažovaného dvojfázového AC motora

Compact 3 × 1 Matrix Converter Module Based on the SiC Devices with Easy Expandability

This paper discusses a new approach for building a compact all-in-one matrix converter module based on SiC semiconductors arranged in a common source connection. The used transistors are in the D2PAK package. The design of the module is divided into two parts, namely a power module designed at one-layer aluminum substrate printed circuit board (PCB) to ensure good thermal performance and voltage isolation between the module and heatsink. The second board is responsible for the SiC driving and is mounted at the top of the power PCB and consists of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) drivers, isolated power supplies, a current direction detection circuit, and current value sensors. In the paper, the proper function of the SiC MOSFET drivers, current direction detection, and current measurement sensors were evaluated. Finally, 3D design together with the final prototype is presented. The modules contain three bidirectional cells for interconnection three input voltage sources and one output phase. The uniqueness and novelty of the presented module are the compactness and easy expandability of the module to achieve higher power outputs and multiphase applications such as five phase machines

Power Losses Estimation for Visualization of Heat Distribution

For designing power electronics, especially high-power-density systems, power loss estimation is a very important step in the design process. The estimation of losses without using a mathematical method, but instead using a simulation approach can significantly lower design time. In this paper, the estimation of the power losses by the simulation method using MATLAB Simulink is presented. The main goal of this paper is the estimation of the worst-case scenario of the inverter losses powering the three-phase asynchronous motor. Simulation is using real parameters of the used semiconductors to accurately estimate power losses. The simulation model consists of two main parts. The first one calculates power losses in semiconductors based on the provided parameters and his temperature. The second part calculates the temperature of the system based on the cooling model and losses calculated by the first system. Results in the form of the losses are used in the Fusion 360 software to simulate the temperature distribution of the heatsink. This simulation is supported by the calculation of the convection coefficient of the heatsink in different airflows. Additionally, two types of heat transfer were simulated, convection only and convection plus radiation type of heat dissipation

Investigation of the Properties of a Five-Phase Induction Motor in the Introduction of New Fault-Tolerant Control

Multiphase electric motors in cooperation with power semiconductor converters belong to the future of electric drives. This is because of their better properties compared to three-phase motors, such as better fault tolerance. How a multiphase motor will behave in a fault state is very important when using such motors in EV and HEV. This is the basis of the research in this article; we investigate the options for operating a five-phase motor in a fault condition in order to improve the drive qualities during fault operation. The complete mathematical expressions of the five-phase induction motor model in the normal operation as well as in fault operation and also the control modification to improve the properties of the drive are presented. The new five-phase field-oriented control is next described, which improves the drive qualities in four-phase operation and is the first fundamental aspect of the study. Another important aspect of the project is the development of a specific control on a real motor, followed by measurements of properties of a five-phase motor in normal and fault operation of one phase without and with control modification to enhance drive characteristics. The qualities and appropriateness of employing a five-phase motor as a drive in EV and HEV are then determined by comparing these results. Finally, a comparison of motor attributes is shown with and without control adjustment

Practical Implementation of the Indirect Control to the Direct 3 × 5 Matrix Converter Using DSP and Low-Cost FPGA

The popularity of multiphase drives is increasing due to the growing interest in drives with more than three phases. One promising topology is the multiphase matrix converters, which enable the implementation of a single-stage AC/AC power conversion system with bidirectional power flow capability. In this paper, we present the implementation of indirect control for a practical sample of the direct matrix converter. To reduce the overall cost of the control solution for these types of converters, we utilized low-cost FPGA and DSP. The usage of only DSP itself was not possible due to low number of available PWM output needed for 3 × 5 MxC driving. Another reason is commutation, which must be precise and fast to avoid any hazardous states in the converter. Due to these problems, the authors decided to implement an algorithm of a combination of DSP and FPGA, where FPGA is used for time critical operations. The indirect algorithm treats the converter as two separate parts, the rectifier and the inverter, with the DC-LINK being fictitious. The matrix converter is composed of compact modules, and the entire system is verified. The practical verification demonstrates that matrix converters can produce a wide range of output frequencies and achieve input power factor control. Finally, we compare and review the practical model with the simulation model, examining efficiency and other parameters

Investigation of the Properties of a Five-Phase Induction Motor in the Introduction of New Fault-Tolerant Control

Multiphase electric motors in cooperation with power semiconductor converters belong to the future of electric drives. This is because of their better properties compared to three-phase motors, such as better fault tolerance. How a multiphase motor will behave in a fault state is very important when using such motors in EV and HEV. This is the basis of the research in this article; we investigate the options for operating a five-phase motor in a fault condition in order to improve the drive qualities during fault operation. The complete mathematical expressions of the five-phase induction motor model in the normal operation as well as in fault operation and also the control modification to improve the properties of the drive are presented. The new five-phase field-oriented control is next described, which improves the drive qualities in four-phase operation and is the first fundamental aspect of the study. Another important aspect of the project is the development of a specific control on a real motor, followed by measurements of properties of a five-phase motor in normal and fault operation of one phase without and with control modification to enhance drive characteristics. The qualities and appropriateness of employing a five-phase motor as a drive in EV and HEV are then determined by comparing these results. Finally, a comparison of motor attributes is shown with and without control adjustment

Space vector PWM for two-phase inverter with three legs in Matlab-Simulink

This paper deals with design of SVPWM for two-phase inverter in Matlab/Simulink. Nowadays is effort to reduce switching losses and increase efficiency of electrical devices. One of the many possibilities how to deal with this problem is to use inverter control technique called space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM)

A Comprehensive Investigation of the Properties of a Five-Phase Induction Motor Operating in Hazardous States in Various Connections of Stator Windings

This paper examines the properties of a multi-phase drive for EV (electric vehicles) and HEV (hybrid-electric vehicles) using a simulation model in the Matlab/Simulink environment and verifies the findings by experimental measurements on a real motor. The paper studies a five-phase induction motor, a suitable alternative for electric vehicles, due to its better properties such as better torque, smoother ripple, better fault tolerance, and the possibility of connecting stator windings to star, pentagon, and pentagram. The fundamentals of the article are to find out how this engine behaves in fault states, which can be called hazardous states. The paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the decrease of mechanical power, torque, and power losses during motor operation without failure, in case of failure of one phase, and in case of failure of two adjacent phases and two non-adjacent phases, in different connections. In the simulations, the five-phase drive is powered from an ideal five-phase voltage source to verify the behavior of losses on the motor in fault conditions. Subsequently, the motor model is powered by a five-phase VSI, while the simulated waveforms are confirmed on a real motor, which is also powered by a five-phase VSI. The investigation results are the detection, which of the stator windings has better properties in the fault-free state and the case of fault states in operation. For which stator windings connection, it is most advantageous to design and dimension a five-phase induction motor